India was divided into nine British provinces and 562 minor princely states when it gained independence in 1947, after nearly two centuries of British rule. With the foundation of the Democratic Republic of India on January 26, 1950, India's constitution was approved, and the country became a Union of States.

The country was reorganised after independence by uniting different princely realms and other states. There were four sorts of states during the initial phase of Independent India's reorganisation:

a) State of ‘A’ category: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Madras (now Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telengana), and Bombay (present Maharashtra and Gujarat). A governor was in charge of these.

b) State of ‘B’ category: PEPSU, Central India, Mysore (now Karnataka), Saurashtra, Rajasthan, Hyderabad, and Travancore-Cochin are only a few examples. The Chief of the States was in charge of these.

c) The states of ‘C’ category: The Lieutenant Governors ruled over Ajmer, Kutch, Coorg, Delhi, Bilaspur, Bhopal, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Vindhya Pradesh.

d) States of ‘D’ category:  Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which are administered by the central government, were included.

The way in which these rights are enforced is what distinguishes them. If a citizen's basic legal rights, such as the right to work, are taken away, he or she might seek redress in the courts. However, he should start with the lesser courts, such as the district court, then work his way up to the high court, and then the Supreme Court. In the event of a violation of basic legal rights, the government can be ordered by the courts to compensate the injured party.

However, if a citizen's fundamental right is violated, the normal court system can be bypassed and the Supreme Court can be addressed immediately. Fundamental rights differ from other rights in this regard. The Indian Constitution requires the Supreme Court to restore fundamental rights. According to Article 32 of the Constitution, they are the guarantors of fundamental rights.